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" " THE UN ROLE IN THE PERSIAN GULF CRISIS- 1990-91
WHY UN ACTED? UN ROLE? LESSONS/PRECEDENTS?
REALIST: Threatened balance of Provided legitimacy to UN had little or no independent influence on the
power, regional status quo, largest deployment of decision-making of states; U.S. manipulation of UN;
INTERESTS of permanent military action since Po$itive inducements required to persuade other
Security Council members WW II; enabled US to states to support collective security action: U.S.
escape condemnation forgiveness of Egyptian loans; Patriot missiles to
for excessive civilian Israel; promise of military hardware to Saudi
casualties and damage Arabia; while Yemen punished for abstention with
to infrastructure cut-off of US aid.
LIBERAL: Uphold rule of law; Provided framework International cooperation possible when there is
NORMS for collective action by commonly held belief in the rule of law; interdependence
states; served pragmatic made states willing to fund IOs and their actions after
interests of governments; hegemonyfinancial contributions of Germany and
facilitated cooperation; Japan helped make collective action possible.
showed advantages of
multilateralism
MARXIST: Legacy of imperialism; Benefitted US military- UN collective security used to liberate an anti-
influence of global industrial complex, democratic, oil-rich kingdom with strong ties to
capitalism multinational oil the capitalist west from an anti-West despot; UN
companies, rich (and action carried out by US military force, funded by
oil-rich) countries who Kuwait and Saudi Arabia (Germany and Japan
can afford to buy paid for 1/3; Kuwait and Saudi Arabia 2/3); made
protection world safe for monarchy, not democracy; SC 688
allow for UN humanitarian intervention to override
sovereignty of developing states for perceived human
rights abuses.
FEMINIST: Male decision-makers- Women, children UN priorities are masculinee.g.
more likely to use victimized by sanctions military force, sovereignty, territory;
coercion and force to (UNSC 662 embargo), Gulf crisis remasculated U.S. military
achieve control, then by missile strikes, and foreign policy after Vietnam.
dominance bombs, damage to
infrastructure and homes
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